Political Ideologies: An Introduction

CONTENTS

List of illustrative material

ix xi

Tradition

52 54 55 58 60 61 61 65 69 73 74 74 71

Human imperfection

Figures

Organic society

Tour of the book

xii

Hierarchy and authority

Preface to the seventh edition

xiv

Property

Types of conservatism

Libertarian conservatism Authoritarian conservatism Paternalistic conservatism

1. UNDERSTANDING POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES 1 Preview 1 Views of political ideology 2 Marxist views 3 Non-Marxist views 5 Contours of ideology 7 From ‘classical’ to ‘new’ ideologies? 10 Left, right and beyond 13 The end of ideology? 16 Questions for discussion 18 Further reading 18

Christian democracy

The future of conservatism Questions for discussion

Further reading

4. SOCIALISM

75 75 76 78 79 80 83 85 87 87 81 100 101 102 94

Preview

Historical overview

Core themes

Community Cooperation

2. LIBERALISM

19

Equality

Class politics

Preview

19

Common ownership

Historical overview

20 22 23 24 26 27 29 31 31 36 41 46 47 48

Types of socialism

Core themes

Communism

Individualism

Social democracy

Freedom Reason

The future of socialism Questions for discussion

Justice

Further reading

Toleration

Types of liberalism

Classical liberalism Modern liberalism Liberal democracy

5. ANARCHISM

103

Preview

103 104 105 107 109

Historical overview

The future of liberalism Questions for discussion

Core themes

Anti-statism Natural order Anti-clericalism Economic freedom

Further reading

111 112 113 113 117

3. CONSERVATISM

49

Types of anarchism

Preview

49 50 52

Collectivist anarchism Individualist anarchism

Historical overview

Core themes

vi

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